Barry's Coilguns |
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Mark 4
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Charging ResistorIt is desirable to limit the charging current to avoid overheating or damaging components. How do we go about choosing an appropriate value? Charging ResistorThere are inherent current limits on a mains-connected power supply. The power supply impedance comes in part from the internal resistance of its components. The transformer also limits current because all power is transferred magnetically through the iron core. The core’s cross-section and material dictates the maximum secondary current. The purpose of the series charging resistor is to limit surge current, but not so much that charging time becomes excessive. The charging time is governed by the RC time constant. We will assume the capacitor is sufficiently charged in 5RC time constants. Our self-imposed requirement is a charging time under 10 seconds, so let's begin with a goal of being fully charged in 5 seconds or less. Since the power supply impedence is a significant part of the total series charging resistance, our choice depends on the implementation. Variac Power SupplyThe Variac is capable of providing very large currents (6 amps or more), so a charging resistor is required to limit current. The calculations are: 5t = 5 seconds T = 1 second Based on this calculation, we started with a 50-ohm series resistor. Some experimentation found that a 25-ohm rated at 25W worked well, remained cool, and provided full charge in five seconds or less. Isolation Transformer Power SupplyThe isolation transformer in the fixed-voltage supply was selected to be of the proper size to limit charging current. See Isolation Transformer to see how this was done. No current-limiting resistor is needed when the transformer is of appropriate size. |
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Last Update 2008-06-14
©1998-2024 Barry Hansen |